Technological advancements and design know-how now make it easier to specify lighting systems that provide the right amount of light, in the right location, at the right time, in the right energy footprint; however, the guidelines that define the objectives of the lighting system continue to be modified. One change that has received much attention over the past few years is the continuous whittling of the energy footprint considered allowable for a lighting system. Another change starting to appear in various model codes calls for an increase in the levels of illumination that should be provided by exterior egress lighting, up from 1 foot-candle (fc) at the walking surface to 10 fc.

This article will examine how a recommended change to the lighting system can move from a voluntary recommendation to an enforceable part of a building code that regulates the design and construction in a particular jurisdiction. It will also explore the journey of the recommended increase in illumination levels for exterior paths of egress, stairs, and ramps, including the motivations behind the change, the model codes that have incorporated it, and the states where those codes have been adopted. Various exterior lighting solutions will be compared in their ability to meet these new illumination levels, while remaining within the shrinking energy footprint now required.

Comparing Mandatory Building Codes and Model Codes

Building codes detail mandatory minimum requirements for a variety of building materials, systems, and construction processes that must be satisfied for a building to be legally constructed and occupied in the United States. Violations of building codes can be detected by local buildings or fire inspectors, who can then levy fines or delay necessary certifications, which could postpone building occupancy.

Grand Park: Los Angeles, California Photo courtesy of Intense Lighting