END NOTES

¹Architecture 2030. “Accelerating to Zero by 2040!” Oct. 2019. Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

²Sustainability, Accessed 2/4/2022 at 9:33am.

³Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis Working Group I: Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.” Oct. 2021. Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

⁴National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). “2021 U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters in historical context.” 24 Jan. 2022. Web. 6 Feb 2022.

⁵Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis Working Group I: Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.”Oct. 2021. Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

⁶ Headline Statements. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Web. 8 Feb. 2022.

⁷Architect Magazine Staff and Mazria, Edward. “Architecture 2030's Open Letter to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Calls for Revised Carbon Emission Reduction Targets.” Architect Magazine, 6 Nov. 2020. Web. 18 Feb. 2022.

⁸Pedersen, Martin C. “Edward Mazria With Some Good News About Combating Climate Change.” “Common Edge,” 27 July 2020. Web. 9 Feb. 2022.

⁹Carbon Leadership Forum. “Embodied Carbon 101.” 17 Dec. 2020. Web. 8 Feb. 2022.

¹⁰NYC Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice. “Energy Benchmarking: New York City Energy & Water Performance Map.” Web. 8 Feb. 2022.

¹¹Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. 2021. "U.S. Cities Factsheet." Pub. No. CSS09-06. Web. 8 Feb 2022.

¹²Saulsbery, Gabrielle. “Peak Demand: Parsippany-based GAF addresses a serious labor shortage by training new roofers.” NJBiz. 17 May 2021. Web. 17 Feb. 2022.

¹³La Rocca, Melanie E. “Service Notice: Local Law 92 of 2019 and Local Law 94 of 2019: Green and Solar Roof Requirements for New Buildings and Complete Roof Replacements.” NYC.gov. Oct. 2019. Web. Feb 9 2022.

¹⁴Urban Green Council and The Nature Conservancy. “NYC’S SUSTAINABLE ROOF LAWS.” Urban Green Council. Dec. 2019. Web. 10 Feb. 2022.

¹⁵Torgelson, Nathan. “Seattle Green Factor.” Seattle.gov. Web. 18 Feb. 2022.

¹⁶Seattle Department of Construction & Inspections. “Renewable Energy and Solar-Ready Roofs for Commercial Buildings.” Seattle.gov.18 Oct 2021. Web. 14 Feb 2022.

¹⁷Washington, D.C. Department of Energy & Environment. “Green Roofs in the District of Columbia.” Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

¹⁸Washington, D.C. Department of Energy & Environment. “Solar Initiatives.” Web. 22 Feb. 2022

¹⁹World Green Building Council. “Whole Life Carbon Vision.” WorldGBC.org. Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

²⁰Tobias, Michael. “Green Building Trends: Pros & Cons of Passive House Construction.” New York Engineers. 12 October 2021. Web. 17 Feb. 2022.

²¹Taylor, T.J. “Eliminating Fastener Thermal Bridging in Low Slope Roofs: Energy Efficiency Savings versus Installation Costs.” Open Journal of Energy Efficiency. 9, 94-110. June 2022. Web. 20 Feb. 2022

²²Ibid

²³World Green Building Council. “Whole Life Carbon Vision.” WorldGBC.org. Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

²⁴Ellen MacArthur Foundation. “What is a circular economy?” Web. 17 Feb 2022.

²⁵Reuters. “U.S. corn-based ethanol worse for the climate than gasoline, study finds.” Autoblog. 21 Feb. 2022. Web. 2 Feb 2022.

²⁶GAF Roof Views. “Welcome to the Future of Asphalt Recycling.” GAF.com. 21 April 2021. Web. 17 Feb 2022.

²⁷MYCOCYCLE. Web. 22 Feb 2022.

²⁸Acaroglu, Leyla. “The Trap of Wishcycling.” Disruptive Design. 8 Sep. 2021. Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

²⁹Siegel, Henry and Strain, Larry. “Embodied Carbon: What you Can Do Right Now.” AIA California. 5 March 2020. Web. 8 Feb. 2022.

³⁰Nadeeshani, Malka et al. “Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry.” Sustainability 2021, 13, 6745. 15 June 2021.

³¹Clancy, Heather. “Carbon-sucking concrete is capturing attention and funding.” GreenBiz. 6 May 2021. Web. 17 Feb. 2022.

³²PLC-Portland Limestone Cement. “Portland-Limestone Cement U.S. Fact Sheet.” Greener Cement. Web. 17 Feb. 2022.

³³Tosti, Lorenzo et al. “Technical and environmental performance of lower carbon footprint cement mortars containing biomass fly ash as a secondary cementitious material.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Volume 134. July 2018.

³⁴Overbey, Daniel. “Defining a Whole-Building Embodied Carbon Workflow.” Building Enclosure. 30 June 2021. Web. 9 Feb. 2022.

³⁵Alter, Lloyd. “ New Tool Calculates Full Life Cycle Carbon Emissions for Passive House.” Treehugger. 25 Jan 2022. Web. 9 Feb 2022.

³⁶International Living Future Institute and Passive House Institute. “Zero Energy & Passive House Certifications.” 2019. Web 22 Feb. 2022.

³⁷Ibid.

³⁸Resilient Design Institute. “What is Resilience?” Resilient Design. Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

³⁹Roofing Contractors Association of British Columbia. “Template: ROOFTOP EQUIPMENT & WALKWAYS (BUR).” Web. 4 Feb. 2022.

⁴⁰Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. “About Green Roofs.” Greenroofs.org. Web 10 Feb. 2022.

⁴¹Simon, Matt. “Your Rooftop Garden Could Be a Solar-Powered Working Farm.” “Wired,” 3 Dec. 2021. Web. 17 Feb. 2022.

⁴²Urban Green Council and The Nature Conservancy. “NYC’S SUSTAINABLE ROOF LAWS.” Urban Green Council. Dec. 2019. Web. 10 Feb. 2022.

⁴³Ibid.

⁴⁴Javits Center. “Green Roof Tours.” Javits Center. Web 7 Feb. 2022.

⁴⁵Sokol, David. “Rooftop Farm Soars Above the City.” Architectural Record. 15 Dec. 2021. Web. 7 Feb. 2022.

⁴⁶Designing Buildings. “Blue Roof.” 15 Dec. 2021. Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

⁴⁷Livingroofs.org. “The blue green roof—helping cities cope with stormwater.” Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

⁴⁸SemperGreen USA. “Purple-Roof Case Study.” 12 Oct. 2021. Web. 22 Feb. 2022.

Shawn M. Torbert, M.S., CPHC/D, LEED AP is the Commercial Design Sustainability Manager at GAF and Siplast. He studied molecular biology, philosophy, and writing at Lehigh University and holds a Master of Science degree in Sustainability Management from Columbia University in the City of New York. Shawn is a LEED AP, a Passive House Institute Certified Passive House Consultant/Designer and volunteers as a Passive House Trainer for the Passive House Network.