Outdoor Architectural Trench Drain Design and Applications

While outdoor drainage is the final topic discussed in this course, linear drains were actually introduced in architecture as outdoor drainage features, and then over time they were expanded for use in bathrooms. The main difference in the specification of outdoor and indoor linear drain systems is that the outdoor setting is less controlled by the designer and more likely affected by natural elements.

The original use of linear drains was in outdoor applications.

Landscape and hardscape drainage plans are typically calculated by an engineer using geographic and rainfall information for a given area and how many square feet of surface the drain will be accommodating. Popular locations for evacuating water in a landscape include along door tracks, between pavers, and in the garden with the use of French drains.

Balconies, terraces, and patios also benefit from linear drains to move water away from the structure and to capture runoff. These areas may or may not be waterproofed depending on what is below the raised area.

Pool decks are an obvious choice for a linear drain system and what probably comes to mind when linear drains are considered. Linear drains can aid in pool safety by capturing splashes from the pool or water generated from the deck being hosed down. They can also evacuate rainwater from the pool area. In all cases, linear drains help a surface to dry more quickly.

Incorporating a linear drain into the design of a wet deck or wet-edge pool creates a pond effect without the elevation needed for a true infinity-edge pool. In this case, the linear drain manufacturer would work directly with the pool contractor to fabricate the channel and grate to their specifications.

Specialty applications for outdoor linear drains include creating the look of an infinity pool in the pool surround as well as in outdoor showers.

CASE STUDY: 432 PARK AVENUE

The 432 Park Avenue building is said to be the tallest residential tower in the western hemisphere.

Linear drain systems are included in the 432 Park Avenue building, a new icon of the New York City skyline. Located between 56^th and 57^th streets, this building boasts one of the best views of the city and Central Park. Rising 1,396 feet above Park Avenue, it is said to be the tallest residential tower in the western hemisphere. Designed by renowned interior designer Deborah Berke and design architect Rafael Viñoly, the tower’s classically modern apartments must of course include the finest materials and finishes.

The bathrooms at 432 Park Avenue include linear drains and book-matched slabs of marble.

Consider the details: master bedroom suites that consist of two bathrooms outfitted with book-matched slabs of Italian Statuario marble, luxurious soaking tubs, marble vanities with 22-inch oval sinks, and radiant heated floors. These are units that call for top-of-the-line drains.

The designers asked a leading linear drain manufacturer to install 300 custom linear shower drains throughout the building, in addition to drains for the pool and spa areas. The bathroom designs feature open-concept showers without barriers. As a result, linear drains were an appropriate complement for the ultra-stylish, free-form look.

The pool and spa areas were created to feel like an open sanctuary. Linear drains were custom crafted to reflect this concept and enhance the experience with artistic flair.

As evidenced by the tallest residential building in New York City, linear drain systems help complete the desired look and feel of trophy bathrooms.

Conclusion

While at one time the drainage system specified for showers may have been of little consequence, this has since changed with the growing popularity of linear drain systems. The stainless steel materials used for these systems holds up to corrosion and makes cleaning easier. Linear drain systems are typically associated with high-end architecture. However, they can be specified for more moderate projects, adding the high-end look for a reasonable cost. In all cases, the waterproofing method used will determine the type of linear drain system that can be used. It is incumbent on the architect, designer, or plumbing contractor to ensure that the waterproofing details and linear drain system are compatible.

Beyond high-end bathrooms, linear drain systems add form and function to wet rooms for maximum style and sanitation, as well as in ADA-compliant bathrooms and a wide variety of outdoor applications. With knowledge of linear drain systems, the savvy architect, designer, or plumbing contractor can add value to their projects.

Kathy Price-Robinson writes about building and design. Her remodeling series “Pardon Our Dust” ran 12 years in the Los Angeles Times. She specializes in buildings that are durable and resilient to climate disruptions, as well as products and designs that provide shade in hot climates. www.kathyprice.com