Landfill Treasures: Recycling Glass from Trash to Upscale Interior Surfaces  

Although most architects are familiar with the use of recycled products rarely is there a discussion of the differences in recycled materials in products. Some manufacturers are now transforming materials taken from refuse and scrap into exciting new building materials like recycled glass surfaces. The up-cycling of glass waste from bottles, jars, architectural glass, traffic signals and beverage containers is just one way to celebrate and display sustainable initiatives by design. As Partner and Interior Director of Interior Design for sander architects, LLC of Venice California, Catherine Holliss states: “We love to work with recycled glass counter materials because they are not only green, they are gorgeous and practical. It also doesn’t hurt that for our clients, that the pricing is comparable to other options and they will have an interesting story to tell their friends.”  Glass counters, wall surfaces and fireplace surrounds made from recycled glass shards embedded in a cementitious surface tell a story about materials and sustainability while creating a durable indoor and outdoor surface. Some recycled glass counters  are certified by the NSF for food safety and can be used in commercial kitchens and in hospitals as well as for residential projects. 

Andy Ferguson, Outside Sales Manager at Scan-Top a California company that provides fabricating and installation services for recycled glass surfaces, comments that his clients fall in love with this product. They select their slabs for their projects knowing that they have rescued materials from the waste stream that create unique one-of-a-kind surfaces in their homes and businesses.

This article will review the properties and sustainability of recycled glass surfaces and how they are an example of a new green materials economy that completes the loop of waste generation. Recycling materials also creates new green jobs in local communities. According to a study completed by the U.S. National Park Service; Mote Marine Lab in Sarasota, Florida, a glass bottle can take over 1 million years to decompose in the environment. ⁱ According to the EPAⁱⁱ, recycling one glass bottle saves enough energy to power a 100-watt bulb for four hours, a computer for thirty minutes and a television for twenty minutes. Over a ton of natural resources are saved for every ton of glass recycled. Among the added benefits of up-cycling waste glass into a new product is that it allows designers to demonstrate their commitment to the triple bottom line of sustainability.

This elegant restaurant counter uses glass bottles from discards and seconds, closing the loop of material waste to add to the triple bottom line and best sustainable design practices. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

CASE STUDY Los Angeles Townhouses Sander Architects, LLC approaches their residential design as an opportunity to find the metaphoric content created by the convergence of architect and client. They use design strategies that are not overt, but rather remain allusions, inspirations, reference points that inform the shaping and meaning of space. They have a pair of townhouses currently under construction that uses a recycled glass counter as one of many green design strategies that underscores the metaphors for this project. Facing one another over a drivable courtyard, these two 2100 and 2300 sf townhouses are like siblings—related but not identical. They both have three floors with generous living spaces and interior gardens that are open to above so that the core of each house is a green living space. Much of the extensive glazing will be a multi-wall translucent material often used in greenhouses in order to allow in light but retain privacy. The front house is on the street and so it orients outwards from the lot, with a two-car garage accessible directly from the street. Behind the garage, a “garden room” that can be used as a family room or den, will have large sliders that open the room to its own small exterior garden. The main communal living spaces are on the second floor, with the bedrooms on the third floor and access to a small roof garden. The rear house orients to a generous exterior garden on the rear of the house. The main living spaces on this level so that when the large sliders are open it creates a large indoor/outdoor living room. The second floor has a family room with a “balcony library”—the walkway surrounding the double-height space is lined with bookshelves. Bedrooms are on the third floor with access to a small roof garden. Green materials and strategies will include passive heating and cooling, natural daylighting, bamboo flooring, translucent acrylic glazing, kitchen cabinetry from FSC-certified wood, recycled glass countertops, low-flush toilets, and low VOC paint. Their client fell in love with a modern, recycled-glass slab with large pieces of dark grey glass embedded with tiny flecks of color. According to Catherine Holliss, her clients “love the fact that the countertops have a history: perhaps the glass comes from old traffic light lenses when they were switched to LED or perhaps from recycled bottles. All in all, it’s a win-win situation for the designer, the client and the planet.” The slab was purchased and stored for the client two years ago, as the project was slow to develop. Similar to purchasing other types of stone, marble or granite, the supplier maintains an inventory of slabs and may include storage as part of the sales price. The architect is currently designing to LEED® principles and hopes to certify this project.

 

Large pieces of clear flint glass with flecks of color add interest as well as contextual meaning to this piece of recycled glass surface. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

 

Glass Transformed―Up-Cycling Waste Glass

Virgin glass making is energy intensive because of the energy required in the melting process. It begins as a mixture of:

• 70 to 75 percent sand
• 10 to 15 percent soda ash
• 10 to 15 percent limestone
• 5 percent  cullet: furnace-ready recycled glass bits

The mixture is heated to a temperature of 2600 to 2800 degrees Fahrenheit and new glass is formed. Once glass is made, it maintains its properties almost indefinitely. Glass does not fade, retains color, is waterproof, and impervious to heat. Glass places between 6 and 7 on a scale of 1 to 10 on the Mohs scale, a standard measure of the scratch resistance of various minerals. Most glass that is recycled goes into other containers, but secondary uses include: countertops, flooring, landscaping, tile, decorative items, aggregates and roads. Some of these alternative uses require the use of additional energy, such as melting and reprocessing, to achieve a final product. 

However, recycled glass surfaces can be manufactured without reheating or melting to achieve the new product. Recycling glass can save significant energy and reduce the carbon footprint in the manufacturing process.

From Curbside to Countertop

The life-cycle of a glass bottle that becomes part of a new countertop begins with curbside recycling.  Waste is scanned with high-tech equipment and glass is sorted into clear (also called “flint”) green and brown or amber glass. Sorting is not 100 percent accurate and that leads to variations in unique one of a kind surfaces. Andy Ferguson says that some of his clients select a slab because they can recognize a piece of label from a beverage container. Larger glass pieces embedded in a slab can create a mosaic of interesting hidden messages depending on the source of the recycled glass. According to Ferguson, “Some of his clients spend time looking over their countertops with their kids and use magnifying glasses to inspect the material for interesting inclusions and identifiable glass bottles in their counters.” Color variations and glass variations contribute to a distinctive character and beauty of the glass counter or wall surface.

Children and adults enjoy searching recycled glass surfaces for identifiable labels from a glass bottle or even a flattened screw such as found in this recycled glass bathroom countertop at the edge of the cobalt sink. Photo courtesy of Andy Ferguson

 

To make a recycled glass surface, a manufacturer measures, mixes, pours and bakes the product in a process that uses less energy then if the glass were melted. After mixing, this cementitious product is molded into the desired shape and allowed to cure and harden like concrete. Color may also be added to the mix by adding metal as a powdered oxide, sulfides or other compound. Most slabs are 3 cm thick and the maximum slab size is 5 ft by 9 ft. It is polished and stored by color types based on the contents of the mix of colors from recycled glass.

Recycled glass counters accommodate many edge profile, they can be rounded or square as shown in this colorful ruby glass kitchen countertop. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

 

CASE STUDY Remix Recycling Two and a half years ago, associate architect Brandie Kochan was laided-off from her design job at a large architectural firm.  Passionate about sustainability she used her education and knowledge gained as an architectural intern to form  ReMix Recycling with her partner, Ashley D. Parker.  This for profit organization is dedicated to designing new ways to handle waste and close the waste loop of materials.   Based in Atlanta, Georgia Remix collects recyclables from commercial offices, small businesses, and multi-family units as well as schools and churches. They collect, sort and sell this newly mined waste “resource” to manufacturers that are turning trash into new materials and products.  According to Brandie, “Through ReMix Recycling, corporations are embracing the triple bottom line. Socially, they are taking accountability for promoting responsibility with their products. Economically, they are not burdened with overpriced operations and the demand of recycling goods. Environmentally, they are diverting goods from the landfills and keeping our un-processed resources in tact for future generation.” Because they also have social goals as well as environmental and economic goals, they hire staff from the homeless shelters to sort glass that they collect from bars and local restaurants. They have established relationships and contracts to sell this glass to a manufacturer of recycled glass surfaces. Doing the right thing in business means a lot to Brandie and she is able to provide a service that costs less for the manufacturer to remake new objects and charges her clients less money to take away recycling than they would pay a waste hauler. The balance of this system depends on the fluctuation of commodities pricing for waste materials from cardboard to glass, however, within a thirty day cycle, ReMix is able to make their service available to businesses who recycle at a cost neutral or below cost savings to their companies while helping the environment. ReMix uses a four step process in providing services to the City of Atlanta that includes collaborative planning with the business owners, distributing bins and defining collection parameters as part of the contract, transporting, separating and accounting for all of the materials by weight and volume and evaluating and documenting environmental goals and staying accountable. Their next challenge is to help their clients achieve zero waste goals by collecting compost. In order to meet that goal, they are educating their clients on the use of paper products that are soy or corn based and which can be added to compost. ReMix Recycling is a prime example of a company and individuals who are developing new green businesses even during an economic downturn.  Their process of analyzing the symbiotic relationships between people, planet and profits is a means to close the loop for successful sustainable development.

Properties of Waste Glass—Post-Consumer and Pre-Consumer or Post-Industrial

Waste glass is a plentiful resource. Most glass ends up in landfills and approximately 31 percent of glass used in glass surfaces is recycled from collected municipal waste. A glass bottle takes an estimated one million years to decompose. In 2006, approximately six percent of all landfill material was glassⁱⁱⁱ. Architectural glass makes up one component of the waste stream from all construction debris. There are two main categories of waste glass used in an up-cycled glass surface.

• Post-consumer glass is waste produced by the end consumer of a material.
• Pre-consumer or post-industrial is waste discarded by the manufacturer before it is used and that would not normally be reused by industry in the original manufacturing process

Approximately 13 million tons of glass wastes are generated annually. Food and beverage containers make up over 90 percent of this amount; the remaining 10 percent comes from products like cookware and glassware, home furnishings, and plate glass. Bottles, broken lights and jars from curbside recycling comprise this waste stream. It is sorted into clear, green and amber at Materials Recycling Facilities (MRFs) where it is then resold to manufacturers or other end users. Amber bottles might include beer, root beer, vanilla, medicine and apple juice. In addition to curbside recycling, new practices in the deconstruction of buildings have created a new stream of other post-consumer items besides household objects. These include windows from houses, storefronts  and other buildings. Architectural salvage from building demolition can also include decorative glass or glass with unusual textures such as leaded glass windows. Other sources of glass include car windows and windshields (safety glass), traffic light lenses and airport runway lights to name just a few of the more exotic sources of glass waste. Each source tells the story of recycling as well as embedding historic context into the new surface.

Pre-consumer or post-industrial glass provides another unique source for glass bits for use in recycled glass surfaces. In 2011, the EPA reported from a study by the Argonne National Laboratory that more than 60,000 tons of “glass-manufacturing scraps” are generated annually^v. Although this total may not include all of the scrap that is available for re-use because of a complex accounting formula, it does present a snapshot of the amount glass packaging and other glass scrap available from the manufacturing process that can be used in new products.

Glass manufacturers of bottles, windows and jars are often the source of scrap from imperfect or flawed products.  Sometimes these providers can be a source of a specific color or texture of glass that can be easily identified in the new surface. For example, the manufacturer of a distinctive blue vodka bottle resells defective bottles directly from the bottling plant to recycled glass surface manufacturers for up-cycling. In one recycled glass surface there can be as many as 700 bottles and the counter is branded by the distinct color and shape that comes from the source of the recycled product.

Harney Sushi Bar in Oceanside, California, is made from vodka bottles with a distinct color and shape. This durable counter takes a lot of abuse and use in this high traffic club setting yet has maintained its luster and beauty. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

 

Sustainable Manufacturing

Sustainable products are manufactured by businesses that implement sustainable manufacturing and business practices. Some of the hallmarks of a sustainable manufacturing process for recycled glass manufacturers are: Waste management: recycles waste from their manufacturing process and/or unused product. Water management: closed loop system that recycles water. Management of the energy efficiency of production process. Use of solar, wind and/or other renewable power. Daylighting in factory and offices. Low VOC materials and processes that results in a Low VOC final product. Use of recycled paper and/or sustainably harvested paperboard products for marketing information and sample displays. Use of sustainable and recycled materials to build molds. Use recycled seed bags for glass storage. Ethical treatment of workforce. Use of local labor at living wage, good working conditions, full benefits. In addition, a life-cycle analysis of the product  is also important so that after manufacturing: Construction waste can be recycled (with company programs to take back waste) to close the loop of the waste stream. The product should be durable, lasting a long time without costly replacements. Maintenance of the product should have a low environmental impact.

Up-Cycling vs. Down-Cycling

Up-cycling reduces the consumption of new raw materials. By choosing a surface that utilized waste glass as its core ingredient, consumers avoid consumption of products like acrylic and quartz surfaces that require binding agent made of petroleum resins, and additionally avoid the need for the mining of other virgin resources typically used in similar installations.

Down-cycling is the process of converting waste materials or useless products into new materials or products of lesser quality or those that are functionally less useful. The quality of the material is decreased and the last iteration of its use is to be discarded as general waste. In down-cycling, the value of the raw material is diminished and it does not maintain its original properties.  For example, the use of letter paper as toilet paper is an example of down-cycling. A research study by Lisa A. Skumatz, Ph.D. and Juri Freeman (Skumatz Economic Research Associates, Inc. Superior, CO), titled  “What do we do with these piles? Finding alternative uses for glass piles requires a closer look at lower value but cost-effective applications” lists numerous alternatives for the use of glass that is removed from landfills. ^vi

In comparison, up-cycling conserves all the energy put into the original material; down-cycling reduces the quality of the raw material. Up-cycling uses less energy to achieve a desired product and down-cycling often requires additional energy to create a product.

Recycled glass surfaces are considered up-cycled when they utilize un-melted glass resources.  The most sustainable recycled glass sources use verifiable post-consumer and post-industrial glass. Glass that is melted cannot be verified and uses more energy to transform it into a new surface. Post-consumer glass remains the best source in up-cycling because it closes the loop of waste in the materials economy. In fact, the USGBC awards more points in their LEED® program when specifying products that utilize post-consumer content to encourage wider usage.

Heat-resistant, durable and stylish recycled glass surfaces can be used in traditional kitchen countertop applications or add glamour to unexpected spaces like fireplace surrounds. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

 

Post-consumer glass also encourages recycling which in turn adds to new green jobs. It contributes to a developing new domestic market for products that are up-cycled from waste materials. It also conserves energy by using the material as it was originally manufactured while maintaining its performance and performance values.

The architect can identify a post-consumer glass surface by its variation in appearance. Each batch of the product is unique and manufacturers representatives will assist the design professional in selecting a surface that meets their design requirements. If larger selections are necessary, the manufacturer can store a batch run, or even develop a surface to meet the color and schedule requirements of the designer. Post consumer glass has a unique identity and adds value by the story embedded in its surface about the source of this material.

Clearly Sustainable

The inherent properties of glass make it a strong sustainable solution for the design professional. Recycled glass surfaces meet high performance criteria for quality and durability. The checklist for selecting the best recycled glass surface includes the following:

• Ease of maintenance:  A recycled glass surface can be cleaned with a damp cloth, liquid soap or mild detergent.  Used as a countertop it requires periodic sealing like granite and other stone. For surfaces that do not need to be water repellent a zero VOC sealant can be applied, for most countertops, low VOC sealants should be used.  Surfaces will require occasional waxing for enhanced stain resistance, however, glass by its nature is vitreous and non-staining.

• Heat resistance: A resin-based surfaces such as quartz and solid surfaces can withstand only up to 300 degrees F however, recycled glass surfaces can withstand temperatures of over 600 degrees F making them superior surfaces for kitchen counters.  The process of combining the thermal properties of cement with the thermal properties of glass creates a product with superior thermal resistance.^vii

A subtle, multi-colored glass counter created from a mix of glass bottles contribute to the modern design of this kitchen. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

• Durability: Recycled glass surfacing is similar in density to granite. It has greater strength than concrete or marble. Some recycled glass surfaces have 10-year warranties. 

• Scratch Resistance: Recycled glass surfaces have been tested and found superior to marble or solid surfaces for scratch resistance and they are comparable to stone surfaces.  As mentioned above, glass is highly resistant to scratches falling between a 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale.

• Stain Resistance: The porosity of recycled glass surfaces is better than concrete and similar to marble because glass itself is an inert substance impervious to stains.  Although most of the surface is comprised of glass,  regular sealing will extend performance.

• Colorfastness: These counters can be used near windows, skylights and outdoors.  Recycled glass surfaces with cement binders are impervious to UV light, unlike polyester resin binders that may be prone to discoloration.

• Standard Fabrication: Recycled glass surfaces use the same equipment and techniques as those used for natural stone. Fabricators who work with stone find it easy to fabricate recycled glass surfaces however Manufacturer training and certification is key. As with any high-end material, the fabricator should measure thrice to cut once. Because of the unique quality of the glass mosaic pieces, the installer may need to cement inlays to fit. Recycled glass panels are typically 1’ 1/4 thick and do not require a plywood substrate. A variety of edge profiles, are available and skilled fabricators can work with the client to determine which profile is best for their project. Typically same skilled craftsmen who work with granite, etc. can expertly fabricate recycled glass surfaces. Standard tools like CNC machines and gantry saws can be used to install counters. Training and certification are important so look for brands that support their network of fabricators.

• Food safety:  Some recycled glass surfaces are tested and certified by NSF for food safety and can be used in numerous commercial applications.

• Freeze Thaw cycle: These surfaces can be used outdoors as cladding for outdoor furniture and wall surfaces. When installed outdoors during the winter season in cold climates, the product should be covered up.

This outdoor kitchen at Sunset Magazine’s headquarters in Menlo Park, California was clad with recycled glass surfaces. Proper sub tops will prevent cracking. Photo Courtesy of Andy Ferguson

 

CASE STUDY Customer Service – Innovative recycled Glass Counter Says Green Nicole Sheahan, LEED AP Interior Designer for Charter House Innovations, chose recycled glass counter as an accent for the Cary, North Carolina McDonald’s restaurant because it was “ the customers first experience with the store and symbolized sustainable practices.” This restaurant is the first LEED Gold McDonald’s in North Carolina and as of one of only three LEED certified locations in the country. The store utilizes roof top skylight tubes which provide natural lighting to 92 percent of the restaurant and save 24 percent more energy than a standard McDonald’s. Rapidly renewable resources such as kirei board, bamboo, sunflower seed board, and wheat board are used throughout the store’s seating and decor. Approximately 550,000 gallons of water will be saved every year by utilizing high efficiency restroom and kitchen fixtures, combined with exterior water-saving features.  Regional construction materials were used to boost the local economy and reduce pollution created by excess transportation. Many of the building materials feature high recycled content, including cotton batt insulation, metal studs, gypsum wall board, decor elements, wall coverings, tile, counter tops and dining surfaces. To improve indoor air quality, all products were manufactured with no additional urea-formaldehyde. Low VOC paints, adhesives, sealants and coatings were used and all upholstery vinyl is PVC free. Other interior features included integrated waste/recycling centers and customer-accessible recycling areas.  Environmentally friendly cleaning products are also used at this location. Lesson Learned This was one of the first locations where Charter House had specified a recycled glass counter and their challenge was to utilize this material at the fullest potential while taking into consideration the limitations on the given material. The designers used the recycled glass counter on the front service counter―the one spot in the restaurant everyone gets to see when they order their food.  They also used it in the restrooms as vanity counter tops. They wanted to have the greatest impact on the customer using this material that so clearly told a story about recycling.  By putting the material in such a noticeable location the installation had to be flawless with great attention paid to seeming and transitions from slab to slab. They recommend that the designer have good communications with their installer and clearly specify and communicate to the installer, the edges, seams and the intersections of this surface with other building materials. The designers at Charter House are excited to find innovative materials like recycled glass surfaces that they can share with their customers on green projects.

Transparency: Green Suppliers

A reputable supplier should be able to provide specific information about the individual product’s percentages of pre- and post-consumer waste content. They should be able to identify both the source and mix of glass in and individual panel. The recycled glass should be tracked and certified and this information should be available to buyers.

There are several types of certifications for manufacturers as a green business. Certified Benefit Corporations or B Corps are a new classification for green businesses as a legal entity. “Benefit Corporations are unique in that they build upon the legal framework of an organization the opportunity to legally consider the impact decisions will have on the triple bottom line: business, society, and the environment. This differs from current corporate structures, which legally restrict the focus of the company to maximizing shareholder value. Benefit Corporations facilitate this triple-bottom-line mission by aiding organizations in reframing their usual business practices by incorporating commitments to greater accountability, transparency, sustainable business practices, and socially responsible initiatives into the bylaws of the company.”^viii Design professionals should ask the companies that provide materials for a green projects for greater transparency and third party certifications of their green business practices.

Whole Foods uses a multi-colored brilliant recycled glass surface for window seating, serving counters and on tables.  Their use of this surface throughout the Potrero Hills, California store as well as in other locations typifies the company’s commitment to preserving natural resources. Photo courtesy of Polycor Vetrazzo Inc.

 

Conclusion

Sustainable design is a process that includes goals that go beyond the footprint of the building.  Selecting finishes and new materials that mine their raw materials from waste make an environmental commitment. The development of a market for products that use recycled content from locally sourced waste will close the loop of our materials economy.

Providing a high end, up-cycled product from product that are thrown away today will help generate new green jobs for tomorrow. Recycled glass surfaces are a unique product that provides durable and elegant solution for interior surfaces.

Green Buildings, Recycled Glass Surfaces + LEED®

Even in this tight economy, the demand for green buildings continues to grow. According to the Green Outlook 2011, by McGraw-Hill Construction, this growth is projected to double in size by 2015. Green construction starts increased from $42 billion in 2008 to $71 billion in 2010, and it is expected to grow to $135 billion by 2015.ix In addition LEED® green building initiatives including legislation, executive orders, resolutions, ordinances, policies, and incentives are found in 44 states. Recycled glass surface may help contribute to up to 8 LEED points. Credits Available with the following rating systems: LEED-NC 2009 LEED-CS 2009 LEED-CI 2009 LEED-S 2009 MR Credit 2:  Construction Waste Management Recycling and/or diverting construction and demolition debris; developing and implementing waste management plan 50 percent = 1 point 75 percent = 2 points MR Credit 4: Recycled Content Sum of post-consumer recycled content plus ½ pre-consumer content must constitute at least 10 or 20% (based on cost) of total value of project materials 10 percent = 1 point 20 percent = 2 points LEED-NC 2009 LEED-CS 2009 LEED-S 2009   MR Credit 5:  Regional Materials Uses materials or product extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured within 500 miles of project 10 percent = 1 point 20 percent = 2 points LEED-CI MR Credit 5: Regional Materials Two options, depending on percentage (10 or 20 percent) of combined value of construction and Division 12 (Furniture) materials and products manufactured regionally with in 500 miles of project Up to 2 points LEED-EBOM 2009 MR Credit 3: Sustainable Purchasing-Facility Alterations and Additions Maintain sustainable purchasing program covering materials and achieve sustainable purchases of 50 percent of total (by cost) during performance period. • MR Credit 9:  Solid Waste Management             Waste From Project is recycled/re-used Credits are highly dependent on exact product, exact project, and exact manufacturer. Complete information should be readily available and the design professional will need to ask for specific data on the amount of recycled content and location of the manufacturing plant.

 

Architect Celeste Allen Novak AIA, LEED AP is a practicing architect, planner and freelance writer in Ann Arbor, Michigan whose work focuses on sustainability.

ENDNOTES

http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/ wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/partnerships/wastewise/wrr/factoid.htm http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/63.php http://www.epa.gov/region7/waste/solidwaste/glass.htm http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/define/pdfs/glass-final.pdf http://www.gpi.org/files/leGlassresourcerecyclingTable _SERA_v5forPosting_portrait.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061806003023 http://blog.bcorporation.net/2011/07/perspectives-green-chamber-of-commerce-perspective-on-benefit-corporations-california’s-b-corp-bill-ab-361/ http://mcgrawimages.buildingmedia.com/AboutUs/2010/1112pr.asp

 

Vetrazzo® is the original recycled glass surface and manufactured in the United States using recycling from local suppliers. A gorgeous sustainable building material, it visually tells the story of recycling when incorporated into your design projects. We invite you to discover the endless possibilities of Vetrazzo, and let our story become yours. www.vetrazzo.com Vetrazzo®…A story in every surface.™