This CE Center article is no longer eligible for receiving credits.
Some of the best building interiors are those that work with the architectural space and support its intended uses. While that sounds simple, getting there is a matter of combining design prowess with the best selection of products, materials, colors, and surface treatments. It can also be directly impacted by the lighting of the space, whether from natural daylight or electric lighting with controls. In this course we look at some of the latest choices that architects and designers can pick from as part of a total palette. Understanding the different choices helps streamline work and focus the design process on the best ways to achieve fully coordinated interiors.
Photo courtesy of Doug Snower Photography; Project © Architecture Is Fun
Interiors that consider all of the options of materials, colors, and space use can produce creative and inviting solutions.
INTERIOR VISUALIZATION
Designing engaging, innovative building interiors requires designers to use a variety of skills, insights, talent, and motivations. Different people might take different approaches and use different means to create the result, but all of them need to rely on a good basis of both the theoretical and practical aspects of interior spaces.
Increasingly, design firms are relying on computer software and building information models (BIM) to visualize, design, change, and finalize great buildings and their interiors. The three-dimensional BIM software allows designers to sketch, model, and document in a fully integrated workflow with a flexible, design-centric BIM solution. This promotes easier collaboration among different design team members who can all use the same platform to design, review, and assess different options and solutions quickly and readily.
Photo courtesy of Doug Snower Photography; Project © Architecture Is Fun
The creative and fun use of shapes, forms, and color in building interiors can be facilitated through the appropriate use of BIM.
A great example of a design firm that has fully embraced BIM for creative interiors is known as Architecture Is Fun, Inc. based in Chicago. Owned by the award-winning architecture and design team of Peter and Sharon Exley, their approach is that fun elevates the everyday experience of a building─through architecture, exhibit design, public space design, and design for kids. This husband-and-wife team’s approach is based on tapping the limitless possibilities of a child’s wide-open way of thinking. “We fail to remember play in our busy adult lives,” Peter says, “and that childhood experience shapes who we become and is therefore a critical touchstone. There is levity and wit in our work to make it more accessible, and we wish there were more of this in the built environment.”
Peter is a huge advocate for using BIM for its capabilities, explaining that it is how architects can provide immeasurable, lifetime value to their projects. “We’d be foolish not to use BIM,” he says. “It’s an amazing opportunity, because rather than handing over the keys when a project is done, building information models allow architects to have life-long relationships with their projects, maintaining and leveraging value with owners for a building’s lifecycle, supporting changes, and driving efficiencies. BIM has the opportunity to generate more revenue streams, make buildings more cost-effective, reduce the cost of the buildings, reduce waste in a project, and drive more collaboration.” He views BIM as a sea change, enabling architects to remain “design-focused, sustainably minded stewards of the designed environment.”
The firm also wants to see more play for adults at their homes and places of work, with value placed on play in public spaces. “The 4D experiences we work on help people have moments where they can take a breath and enjoy, and I think it’s important that we enrich and elevate those experiences,” says Sharon. Peter agrees, noting, “We’ve got to be in spaces that reflect in design.”
In addition to these aspirations, Architecture is Fun projects demonstrate the visible and tangible influence of color in architecture as a major force and design consideration. They acknowledge that color delivers architectural and emotional intention, and the use of BIM allows them to visualize and explore different color combinations on different surfaces of an interior. This has paid off, as they have been named the winner of the Benjamin Moore HUE Award for exceptional use of color in interior spaces and environments. Altogether, they use their skills, talents, and BIM, to make accessible, safe, sustainable, and welcoming places to learn, live, work, and play.
Wendy Birkemeier, manager for children’s services at Fountaindale Public Library, was part of the client team for the design of their library building. She comments, “Working with you both (Peter and Sharon Exely) on the design of the library was one of the highlights of my career. Few librarians can have the opportunity to participate in the planning and creation of a new space. Eight years later, our environment continues to provide beauty and inspiration to the public and those of us who work here.”
A fellow architect and colleague, John Clark of Cordogan, Clark & Associates, sums up the successful design work of the firm this way: “Peter and Sharon Exley have long been Chicago’s answer to the legendary design duo Charles and Ray Eames, combining sincerity, honesty, conviction, affection, imagination, and humor with design. They especially delight in bringing their exuberant design approach to design for kids, young adults, and students of all ages in work that fuses architecture with education and makes learning fun!”
IMAGERY IN DESIGN
One way to add more fun and innovation to interiors is through the use of large-scale imagery that is incorporated onto walls and other surfaces. The type of images used can range from graphics for logos and team mascots or incorporate high-resolution photos of people, places, or things. There can be several motivations for incorporating such innovative imagery into building interiors.
Biophilic Design
A growing interior design trend that has been directly related to human health and welfare is the use of biophilia in buildings. Defined literally as a love of living things or a love of nature, biophilic design is a concept focused on increasing occupant connectivity to the natural environment in creative ways. Theorists argue that this approach taps into the hard wiring of human beings who, over the span of history, have developed an affinity for the life-supporting aspects of the natural world. In a post-pandemic era, biophilia has received more attention as a means to help people reconnect with nature and influence their general sense of well-being.
Photo courtesy of Inpro
The use of biophilic digital floral imagery is used in the Samaritan Medical Center in Watertown, N.Y., to promote healing and wellness.
When direct links to the outside aren’t practical or feasible, then there is another approach that is also effective and often more readily incorporated into a building. In these cases, the use of large-scale graphics and imagery that portray scenes from nature can be used. Independent researchers have long been aware of the benefits of such features in healthcare environments. For example, in a blog for the Huffington Post, Brooke Seidelman wrote on evidence-based design and the impact of art in healing:
“In 1984, a landmark paper by Dr. Roger Ulrich helped establish the field of evidence-based design through a study in which he found that patients who had hospital rooms with a window required less pain medication and recovered at faster rates than patients in rooms without windows. Since that publication, the field of evidence-based design has expanded and numerous studies have shown that artwork in patient rooms offer comparable benefits─promoting healing, relieving patients’ pain and stress, and increasing their overall well-being.” A number of other studies have been conducted since then that confirm and build on the evidence that biophilic imagery helps with healing and general wellness for people.
Such large-scale, biophilic imagery can be incorporated into an overall interior design strategy in a number of different ways. The first is to use digitally printed art or imagery. This technique allows nature scenes to be turned into whole-wall imagery or, using large-scale graphics, to create inspiring biophilic designs. That is now possible using printed wall protection products that combine high-resolution images with durable wall protection. These are fabricated by back-printing a graphic image onto a clear, resilient sheet. Along with truly endless design capabilities, this approach also provides high-impact durability to wall surfaces. Since the graphic is back-printed on the protective sheet, there is no worry about the image being scratched over time. That means high-resolution photographs, artwork, or any other biophilic graphic can be printed and incorporated onto as large a wall space as a design may call for.
If entire walls aren’t available for biophilic design graphics, then perhaps windows are. Views out of windows can sometimes be less than pleasing and look onto areas that are not natural or soothing. In cases like this, one option is to incorporate printed images onto roller-shade fabrics. Depending on the density and weave of the shade, daylight can still be allowed in, but the image printed on the inside, looking out can be much more natural and uplifting. In cases where there are views of natural areas, then the positive biophilic effects can be achieved. Incorporating solar shades with fabrics containing more openness in the weave can reduce the sun’s glare and heat gain, yet still allow for those outside views.
Some of the best building interiors are those that work with the architectural space and support its intended uses. While that sounds simple, getting there is a matter of combining design prowess with the best selection of products, materials, colors, and surface treatments. It can also be directly impacted by the lighting of the space, whether from natural daylight or electric lighting with controls. In this course we look at some of the latest choices that architects and designers can pick from as part of a total palette. Understanding the different choices helps streamline work and focus the design process on the best ways to achieve fully coordinated interiors.
Photo courtesy of Doug Snower Photography; Project © Architecture Is Fun
Interiors that consider all of the options of materials, colors, and space use can produce creative and inviting solutions.
INTERIOR VISUALIZATION
Designing engaging, innovative building interiors requires designers to use a variety of skills, insights, talent, and motivations. Different people might take different approaches and use different means to create the result, but all of them need to rely on a good basis of both the theoretical and practical aspects of interior spaces.
Increasingly, design firms are relying on computer software and building information models (BIM) to visualize, design, change, and finalize great buildings and their interiors. The three-dimensional BIM software allows designers to sketch, model, and document in a fully integrated workflow with a flexible, design-centric BIM solution. This promotes easier collaboration among different design team members who can all use the same platform to design, review, and assess different options and solutions quickly and readily.
Photo courtesy of Doug Snower Photography; Project © Architecture Is Fun
The creative and fun use of shapes, forms, and color in building interiors can be facilitated through the appropriate use of BIM.
A great example of a design firm that has fully embraced BIM for creative interiors is known as Architecture Is Fun, Inc. based in Chicago. Owned by the award-winning architecture and design team of Peter and Sharon Exley, their approach is that fun elevates the everyday experience of a building─through architecture, exhibit design, public space design, and design for kids. This husband-and-wife team’s approach is based on tapping the limitless possibilities of a child’s wide-open way of thinking. “We fail to remember play in our busy adult lives,” Peter says, “and that childhood experience shapes who we become and is therefore a critical touchstone. There is levity and wit in our work to make it more accessible, and we wish there were more of this in the built environment.”
Peter is a huge advocate for using BIM for its capabilities, explaining that it is how architects can provide immeasurable, lifetime value to their projects. “We’d be foolish not to use BIM,” he says. “It’s an amazing opportunity, because rather than handing over the keys when a project is done, building information models allow architects to have life-long relationships with their projects, maintaining and leveraging value with owners for a building’s lifecycle, supporting changes, and driving efficiencies. BIM has the opportunity to generate more revenue streams, make buildings more cost-effective, reduce the cost of the buildings, reduce waste in a project, and drive more collaboration.” He views BIM as a sea change, enabling architects to remain “design-focused, sustainably minded stewards of the designed environment.”
The firm also wants to see more play for adults at their homes and places of work, with value placed on play in public spaces. “The 4D experiences we work on help people have moments where they can take a breath and enjoy, and I think it’s important that we enrich and elevate those experiences,” says Sharon. Peter agrees, noting, “We’ve got to be in spaces that reflect in design.”
In addition to these aspirations, Architecture is Fun projects demonstrate the visible and tangible influence of color in architecture as a major force and design consideration. They acknowledge that color delivers architectural and emotional intention, and the use of BIM allows them to visualize and explore different color combinations on different surfaces of an interior. This has paid off, as they have been named the winner of the Benjamin Moore HUE Award for exceptional use of color in interior spaces and environments. Altogether, they use their skills, talents, and BIM, to make accessible, safe, sustainable, and welcoming places to learn, live, work, and play.
Wendy Birkemeier, manager for children’s services at Fountaindale Public Library, was part of the client team for the design of their library building. She comments, “Working with you both (Peter and Sharon Exely) on the design of the library was one of the highlights of my career. Few librarians can have the opportunity to participate in the planning and creation of a new space. Eight years later, our environment continues to provide beauty and inspiration to the public and those of us who work here.”
A fellow architect and colleague, John Clark of Cordogan, Clark & Associates, sums up the successful design work of the firm this way: “Peter and Sharon Exley have long been Chicago’s answer to the legendary design duo Charles and Ray Eames, combining sincerity, honesty, conviction, affection, imagination, and humor with design. They especially delight in bringing their exuberant design approach to design for kids, young adults, and students of all ages in work that fuses architecture with education and makes learning fun!”
IMAGERY IN DESIGN
One way to add more fun and innovation to interiors is through the use of large-scale imagery that is incorporated onto walls and other surfaces. The type of images used can range from graphics for logos and team mascots or incorporate high-resolution photos of people, places, or things. There can be several motivations for incorporating such innovative imagery into building interiors.
Biophilic Design
A growing interior design trend that has been directly related to human health and welfare is the use of biophilia in buildings. Defined literally as a love of living things or a love of nature, biophilic design is a concept focused on increasing occupant connectivity to the natural environment in creative ways. Theorists argue that this approach taps into the hard wiring of human beings who, over the span of history, have developed an affinity for the life-supporting aspects of the natural world. In a post-pandemic era, biophilia has received more attention as a means to help people reconnect with nature and influence their general sense of well-being.
Photo courtesy of Inpro
The use of biophilic digital floral imagery is used in the Samaritan Medical Center in Watertown, N.Y., to promote healing and wellness.
When direct links to the outside aren’t practical or feasible, then there is another approach that is also effective and often more readily incorporated into a building. In these cases, the use of large-scale graphics and imagery that portray scenes from nature can be used. Independent researchers have long been aware of the benefits of such features in healthcare environments. For example, in a blog for the Huffington Post, Brooke Seidelman wrote on evidence-based design and the impact of art in healing:
“In 1984, a landmark paper by Dr. Roger Ulrich helped establish the field of evidence-based design through a study in which he found that patients who had hospital rooms with a window required less pain medication and recovered at faster rates than patients in rooms without windows. Since that publication, the field of evidence-based design has expanded and numerous studies have shown that artwork in patient rooms offer comparable benefits─promoting healing, relieving patients’ pain and stress, and increasing their overall well-being.” A number of other studies have been conducted since then that confirm and build on the evidence that biophilic imagery helps with healing and general wellness for people.
Such large-scale, biophilic imagery can be incorporated into an overall interior design strategy in a number of different ways. The first is to use digitally printed art or imagery. This technique allows nature scenes to be turned into whole-wall imagery or, using large-scale graphics, to create inspiring biophilic designs. That is now possible using printed wall protection products that combine high-resolution images with durable wall protection. These are fabricated by back-printing a graphic image onto a clear, resilient sheet. Along with truly endless design capabilities, this approach also provides high-impact durability to wall surfaces. Since the graphic is back-printed on the protective sheet, there is no worry about the image being scratched over time. That means high-resolution photographs, artwork, or any other biophilic graphic can be printed and incorporated onto as large a wall space as a design may call for.
If entire walls aren’t available for biophilic design graphics, then perhaps windows are. Views out of windows can sometimes be less than pleasing and look onto areas that are not natural or soothing. In cases like this, one option is to incorporate printed images onto roller-shade fabrics. Depending on the density and weave of the shade, daylight can still be allowed in, but the image printed on the inside, looking out can be much more natural and uplifting. In cases where there are views of natural areas, then the positive biophilic effects can be achieved. Incorporating solar shades with fabrics containing more openness in the weave can reduce the sun’s glare and heat gain, yet still allow for those outside views.
DELINEATING INTERIOR SURFACES
The general trend in modern interior design includes minimalist lines and the intentional absence of traditional wood moldings for doors, windows, ceilings, and base conditions. Many interior designs, therefore, lean toward a simpler, more elegant wall solution with a clean, modern look to delineate wall surfaces or their junction with floors and ceilings. Others may be focused on a more traditional or three-dimensional appearance for wall corners, base, and ceiling conditions. Still others may select certain walls to feature, with added detailing and trim to create a total design appearance.
Photo courtesy of Tamlyn
The use of interior aluminum trim profiles helps delineate wall surfaces and provide a clean, refined, finished appearance.
Additionally, recent public health events have increased concerns for cleanliness, as building owners and managers seek to comply with health regulations and curtail the spread of disease. As a result, walls and other surfaces have been subjected to more frequent cleanings, often using more powerful cleaning agents. That is all good if the materials on those surfaces are durable enough and easily cleaned. This is true not only for the basic surface material, but also for the trim that is required along all the edges, too.
Considering these needs for greater design flexibility and cleanability, as well as the need for durability to protect edges and base conditions from damage, a trim material of choice is extruded aluminum. This approach is particularly relevant for designs that promote clean, contemporary lines on wall surfaces. Aluminum trim profiles have been used on building exteriors to hold and surround exterior cladding panels for quite some time. This same basic technique is available for use on interior surfaces as well in all types of buildings.
Extruded aluminum trim works well to frame and hold fast drywall panels, millwork, acoustic ceilings, and even composite panels. The durability of the extruded aluminum is good for the protection of the edges of all those materials and makes them easier to clean. Extruded aluminum products are readily available and are designed to be used with 5/8-inch-thick or ½-inch-thick drywall to provide continuous edge protection for drywall edges and corners. In some cases, the profile of the trim creates a recessed reveal, which offers an understated and elegant design while keeping corners and edges protected.
Most extruded shapes for architectural use are fabricated from 6063 aluminum alloy, with magnesium and silicon as the alloying elements. Type 6063-T5 aluminum, commonly referred to as the architectural alloy, has a very smooth surface and is the best alloy suited for anodizing applications. The T5 designation indicates it has been artificially aged and moderately heat treated. Aluminum extrusion is a highly versatile metal-forming process that has a wide array of physical characteristics. In all cases, extruded aluminum is a sustainable material, commonly with 75 percent to 100 percent post-industrial and post-consumer content. As such, extruded aluminum trim can contribute to LEED points for buildings seeking certification or green building status.
Russell A. Hruska, AIA, is a principal and cofounder of Intexure Architects in Houston. He sums up his experience with aluminum trim this way: "Using extruded aluminum trim between panel joints becomes an architectural element and is a way of expressing the joints and defining their deliberate placement. It adds a level of architectural refinement.”
MANUFACTURED STONE VENEER
A total approach to interior design goes beyond concepts of color and delineation to look at an equally important characteristic, namely the significance of texture in our spaces. Textures, much like color, can evoke certain feelings by adding visual depth to a space. This sense of depth has been said to add dimension and expand our mental engagement with the physical spaces we inhabit. In some cases, enhancing the textural elements in a space can help trigger sensations of warmth or comfort that help a person feel more at home. Such texture or tactile diversity incorporated into a design can also produce a refined, finished look. While sleek, shiny textures and geometric patterns tend to create an elegant, cosmopolitan atmosphere, organic shapes and nature-based textures often have the opposite effect, directing our senses back to the warm, comfortable familiarity of nature.
One way to introduce some natural, textural elements to a design is by incorporating a stone or brick accent wall to add the desired appeal and character to a space. While stone is so often associated with exterior applications, it is important to recognize that it is also used in a wide variety of quite suitable interior applications, such as fireplace surrounds, kitchen backsplashes, accent walls in bedrooms and bathrooms, and many other residential applications. In commercial spaces, stone and brick can also make for an alluring touch of texture in small offices, conference rooms, event spaces, lobbies, and other spaces where texture can enhance the overall design.
Photo courtesy of Cultured Stone
The use of manufactured stone veneer (MSV) in interiors provides texture and color to enhance the biophilic nature of a space with a durable and long-lasting product.
Natural stone is one of the world's oldest and most prolific building materials, but it can be heavy and costly to incorporate in a building interior. A more popular alternative is to use manufactured stone veneer (MSV) which includes premium stone and brick products in a versatile mix of shapes, sizes, textures, and colors. MSV is a lightweight building material that has been used successfully for over 60 years as a decorative wall covering for both exterior and interior surfaces. It is produced using a concrete mixture that’s poured into a mold and colored using mineral pigments. The variety of mixes and molds are what allow for the range of colors and textures that are available.
With a variety of profiles that range from traditional to contemporary in both format and color selection, incorporating MSV stone or brick provides a customizable way for architects and designers to embrace biophilic design. It can also be one of the most expressive aesthetic touches that becomes incorporated within a space. Because of its concrete makeup, it also provides long-term durability and resilience. Over time, the wide range of finishes and styles of MSV remain consistent in shape, color, and availability, proving to be a reliable and cost-effective product alternative. From a construction standpoint, MSV has porous and lightweight properties that make it easy to cut and handle, creating a streamlined and cost-efficient installation process compared to natural stone.
Sarah Lograsso, director of marketing and product design at Cultured Stone, has observed the industry trends. “Nearly 60 years ago, the world’s first manufactured stone veneer was produced, which made it possible to feature the authentic hues and textures of stone and brick in almost any environment. Today, manufacturers want to bring out that same innovative, imaginative spirit in others and encourage creators at every level to achieve their own unique vision when designing the spaces that mean the most to them.”
RESTROOM DESIGN
The best interiors have always been the ones where every part of the building works symbiotically with the others. That means that every design element is integrated with, and accentuates, the others in the building. For building occupants and users that interact with a building on a daily basis, the restroom is often the most used room in a building, and it can become a key feature for how the entire building is perceived. In fact, user surveys have indicated that one hundred percent of the opinion of a building can be affected by less than one percent of the cost of the building─the restrooms.
Recognizing the significant impact that restrooms can have on a building’s users’ experience, there are several key interior design principles to consider that apply to virtually all situations.
Photo courtesy of ASI Group
Attention to the design of restrooms is based on some fundamental principles that allow for a better overall interior experience.
- Privacy: Our built-in need for privacy becomes quite evident in public restrooms, most of which are designed for multiple users and simultaneous use. Today, more than ever before, our need to feel safe is paramount and this can cause public restrooms to bring out deep-rooted fears, which may manifest in a visceral response. While some people may be mildly bothered by the thought of using a public washroom, others are paralyzed by the prospect─to the point that they cannot use the washroom while it is occupied by others. Hence, privacy is not an optional attribute. Fortunately, privacy can be ensured with good design and proper installation of extra tall privacy partitions. However, uneven floors or changes in wall dimensions during construction can cause gaps between the doors and pilasters and can even cause locking mechanisms to become compromised if the stalls are installed askew. If there is concern of that happening, there are several options to consider. For example, one manufacturer makes metal partitions that have an integrated privacy system built in as their standard offering, so there is no retrofitting of privacy strips needed. Another a good option would be to specify European-style partitions that are defined by extra height on both doors and panels, adjustable pedestals to accommodate uneven floors, superior hardware, and routed edges at sightlines between doors and pilasters that eliminate visibility into the stalls.
- Safety: Mitigating the safety risks from hazards, such as wet floors, are a function of good design. One best practice is to create an optimal ratio between sinks and the number of drying stations, as well as their location, to reduce the chances of water from dripping hands ending up on the floor. There has been an ongoing debate as to the best choice for drying hands: paper towels or hand dryers. If you speak with a manufacturer that only makes hand dryers, they may never guide you to install a paper towel dispenser, even if that may be the better option in a particular use case. In speaking with a manufacturer of only paper consumables, you may get an opposite, but equally adulterated, opinion. While the debate may be worth having, choosing a manufacturer that offers both hand dryers and paper towel dispensers will ensure that you get unbiased guidance from your manufacturer’s representative. Similarly, a manufacturer that sells products that can dispense consumables from a variety of vendors helps ensure that building owners are not locked into a contract with only one provider of consumables. Dispensers that only use proprietary consumables could potentially expose facility managers to locked-in pricing rather than competitive pricing, not to mention potential supply chain issues.
- Accessibility: Ensuring accessibility for people with every type of physical ability is fundamental and dictated by building codes and ADA civil rights legislation. Therefore, it is important to work with manufacturers of restroom equipment and fixtures that fully address issues like circulation path, maneuverability, clear floor space, reach ranges, mirror mounting height, and even door swings, among others. If manufacturers of washroom accessories and partitions don’t have the experience to meet these unique needs, specifying products that adhere to the requirements can be a challenge. There are also ways to go beyond code minimums to address the needs of disabled persons. Certain manufacturers offer products like a gas strut supported shower seat that does not slam down in a nursing home, possibly startling someone who is fragile to begin with.
- Fire Resistance: As in other spaces, there are two standard test methods used to measure the level of fire safety of interior finishes that may be used in restrooms. The first, ASTM E-84, tests the surface burning characteristics of building materials using a tunnel test method. The other standard is a more rigorous room corner test, performed in accordance with NFPA 286, which measures the contribution of interior finish materials to room fire growth during specified fire exposure conditions. Both of these should be cited in specifications for the appropriate level of fire resistance in materials and products used in commercial building restrooms.
- Cleanliness: The need for clean restrooms is also obvious, but it isn’t always just up to maintenance staff to achieve that. The materials and accessories used in a restroom design can have a big impact on the ability for the restroom to hold up to repeated cleanings and look good over time. Toilet partitions make one of the biggest visual and material impacts and come in several material options, such as powder-coated steel, stainless steel, solid plastic, plastic laminate, and phenolic. Each has its strengths and weaknesses in terms of cleanliness and durability for different situations. The way partitions are mounted can also impact the ease of maintenance and the types of cleaning products one can use. Similarly, washroom accessories require a good material choice. Specifying washroom accessories with every product part made only of type 304 stainless steel, the standard for the washroom industry, will go a long way in both cleanliness and sustainability. Free plastic dispensers or low-grade dispensing systems can produce less than desirable results all around. Relatedly, specifying top-fill, multi-feed systems for soap dispensers can make maintenance fast and cost effective, creating a better, more hygienic occupant experience.
Keeping these design principles in mind can help ensure a well-rounded, holistic design that is consistent with the interior design of the rest of the building.
Photo courtesy of Bradley Corporation
All-in-one wash, soap, and dry fixtures provide a sophisticated, high-tech solution to restroom design.
RESTROOM PRODUCT AND MATERIAL CHOICES
When designing commercial restroom spaces, architects and designers have more choices for many of the fixtures and related components of these rooms. This is true not only for partitions and accessories but also for washbasins, faucets, and drying options. Manufacturers offer a full palette of choices in different materials, colors, finishes, and options. This increasingly robust collection of restroom options allows architects and designers to express individual visions while still meeting building performance requirements. Some of these options are discussed in more detail as follows.
- All-in-One Handwashing Typical restrooms often incorporate separate fixtures for dispensing soap, water, and hand drying. However, there is a new concept that is gaining popularity. Innovative “all-in-one” handwashing fixtures are now available that incorporate a soap dispenser, a water faucet, and an electric hand dryer all in one streamlined wash bar unit. When paired with an appropriately designed sink, these touch-free fixtures support hygienic handwashing, reduce germ touchpoints in restrooms, and improve overall facility cleanliness. The dryer and bowl work in tandem to keep water from splashing outside the basin onto the floor, walls, or user, improving washroom cleanliness and safety. Integrating soap, water, and dryer into one fixture also eliminates deck and washroom clutter.
All-in-one handwashing models are designed with accessible, easy, and intuitive handwashing interaction for users. Such fixtures are available in an expanded selection of finishes, shapes, and options to fit the needs of different restroom space designs. The all-in-one design integrates soap, water, and dryer in a single piece of durable cast metal in chrome. There are also popular and attractive finishes that are produced with physical vapor deposition (PVD), an advanced process that creates a molecular bond to the fixture, creating a resilient coating that will not corrode or fade.
This handwashing type of fixture is available in several options. In addition to the classic straight bar design, an ultramodern model incorporates a streamlined L-shaped silhouette. Alternatively, other types expand designers’ options when only touch-free soap and water are needed, without the hand-drying feature.
- Coordinated Soap and Faucet Sets If all-in-one fixtures aren’t appropriate for a given project, then well-coordinated separate fixtures may be considered. Coordinated soap dispenser and faucet sets, designed as perfectly matching pairs, can unify and harmonize the look of washroom spaces, eliminating separate mismatched deck mounted soap dispensers and faucets. These identical touchless handwashing sets are available in popular touchless styles – graceful arcs, refined curves, bold angles – and multiple PVD finishes to complement each designer’s washroom design vision. For soap and faucet fixtures, PVD coatings are not only a more sustainable way to finish metals than traditional electroplating, but they are also inherently antimicrobial. In addition to polished chrome, PVD finishes include brushed bronze, brushed stainless, brushed black stainless, brushed nickel and brushed brass.
Photo courtesy of Bradley Corporation
Coordinated soap dispensers and faucets can be used to complement a total restroom design appearance.
- Basin Materials Designers can pair any model of all-in-one handwashing fixtures or coordinated soap and faucet sets with streamlined, cast-formed basins made of a choice of materials. Currently, many designers are choosing to use a resilient, natural, quartz-based material or customized solid surface basins that are available in a range of sizes, styles, and popular colors.
Matte-finished quartz is a fresh new option with a stone-like appearance for commercial handwashing basins. Made from a sustainable blend of bio-based resin and a mixture of extra-fine grade quartz, this new quartz option is available in current washbasin designs. The natural matte finish provides an understated texture that is available in different monochromatic colors which take their cues from the natural environment. These include colors such as mesa white, limestone, sandbar, desert clay, lunar gray, bedrock, cinder, and black onyx. This visually striking natural quartz material is elegant, durable, hygienic, and sustainable. The material is ideal for accentuating modern washroom spaces with an organic appearance and soft feel that does not show fingerprints. Since it is cast-formed, such washbasins can be specified in a number of attractive seamless shapes and forms.
These expanded surface material options support cleanliness and flexible design since they are nonporous, smooth, resilient, and seamless. These qualities help prevent bacteria and mold accumulation and growth. They can also be more easily cleaned, disinfected, repaired, reused, and have a longer life cycle. Such materials are sustainable, with some achieving GreenGuard certification.
Note that a popular trend in today’s restrooms is a modern concrete aesthetic. Using this new, matte quartz option, especially in dark gray and beige colors, allows designers to mimic a contemporary, concrete-like aesthetic without actually having to use concrete, which is susceptible to stains, cracks, and reactions to cleaning chemicals.
- European-Style Partitions A new preference for European-style partitions gives restroom guests a fresh and welcomed surprise in commercial restrooms. In addition to being nearly full height for enhanced privacy, different product selections also add sophisticated style, elegance, and resiliency to restroom designs. Several different types of partitions are currently available.
One resilient type uses frameless construction made of phenolic material. These partitions are lighter than comparable partitions, yet equally durable. Another phenolic type creates the impression that the partitions are floating on air—even though they are securely anchored to the floor and walls—with the feet, headrail, and hardware hidden from view. In some cases, an innovative LED light occupancy indicator can be specified that turns from green to red to alert users. Most phenolic partitions are available in a range of standard colors as well as a selection of custom colors.
A third type of European-style partition is made of enameled tempered glass to bring both light, and lightness, to a restroom. Minimalist stainless-steel hardware is mounted on the inside of the stall, and the even surface of the partitions convey a smooth and streamlined look. Scratch-resistant, easily cleaned, strong, and safe, these enameled glass partitions achieve their soft opaque look from vitreous enamel paints that are available in an array of standard and custom colors.
Paying attention to the details of current product offerings for restrooms, such as those described here, will allow complete, coordinated, and successful restroom interiors to be created.
Photo courtesy of Bradley Corporation
Restroom washbasins can be made from a quartz-based material that looks like concrete. It is an easy-to-clean, durable, and attractive option for restroom applications.
COLOR SCHEMES IN DESIGN
The use of color is clearly an important and significant consideration for building interiors. Spending some time understanding not only color theory, but also the application of that theory, to create a color scheme that promotes the intended response from people is, therefore, a worthwhile endeavor for all projects.
Photo courtesy of Inpro
Paying attention to the theoretical aspects of color meaning, combined with the practical aspects of incorporating materials and
surfaces into an interior design, can achieve a total theme for a space. The materials used here were selected in a color scheme that focuses on wellness.
Manufacturers of interior products have taken the lead on assembling such coordinated color schemes around different themes that may be dictated by general things happening in our culture or society. There are many different themes that may be appropriate based on the level of activity, the use of the space, and the type of surfaces available to work with. Wellness, for example, is a common and popular theme for many people who use buildings, so it stands to reason that using a color scheme that has been organized around promoting wellness would be appropriate. An example of colors that could be used on walls and other interior surfaces with the meaning or significance of those colors explored might be as follows.
Blue/green: Seen as a clean and crisp color, it can stand for fresh air, calm surroundings, focus on listening, observing, and being.
Low chroma greenish blue: This color symbolizes transition and transformation. The deeper tone is grounding and relaxing. As with all blues, it brings visual comfort. It communicates high trust and low risk.
Rich yellow brown: This color feels leathery and luxurious. It points to the earth and the organic influence on our lives.
Neutral tan: This is a neutralizing and clean shade. It is calming and cleansing, yet reserved. It is hopeful, yet stoic, and plays well with many colors.
Altogether, the colors work cohesively to create a balanced and coordinated scheme to reinforce the intended theme.
DESIGNING WITH ALUMINUM TRIM
Aluminum trim can be used in conjunction with many different surface finishes, such as fabric or vinyl wall coverings, in addition to conventional painted drywall. Such trim pieces are available in a variety of traditional, contemporary, and modern looks to create subdued, elegant designs or emphatic three-dimensional appearances. Since aluminum is highly durable, recyclable, lightweight, and noncombustible, it is a popular and logical choice for interior trim. In addition, the design options, variability, and cost effectiveness of this trim make it very well suited for both public and private spaces in multifamily buildings.
Photo courtesy of Tamlyn
Aluminum trim can be fabricated in custom shapes, profiles, and colors to suit the needs of a particular project.
Photo courtesy of Cultured Stone
The attributes of manufactured stone veneer make it a great choice for entire walls or for feature areas such as the dramatic fireplace surround shown here.
The profiles of aluminum trim are varied but seamless across its full length. Complex shapes can be realized in one-piece extruded aluminum sections without having to employ mechanical joining methods. The resultant profile typically is stronger than a comparable assemblage and less likely to loosen over time. Manufacturers offer numerous standard and custom trim profiles that allow architects to create cohesive wall designs using a product that offers greater durability and protection of the surface materials.
There is even the ability to create custom profile details specific to a particular project or group of projects where desired. Manufacturers can offer design assistance and continuing education to help designers understand the capabilities and possibilities of such custom trim work. Though most have a catalog offering diverse options, they also understand that sometimes the need for a small change to an existing profile or an idea “from scratch” would make all the difference for a project. It is possible that they can support high volumes or short lead times and still work within project budget constraints. Options can be created for profiles, colors, and finishes which can assist designers in meeting the client's demands. There are also opportunities for installer training to ensure the finished project matches the design intent.
Of course, the color and finish of the trim is an important design consideration, regardless of the location. Fortunately, there are many different finish options available, including mill-finish aluminum, anodized aluminum, standard prefinished color palettes, ready-to- paint finishes, or custom finishing. Extruded aluminum trim can be specified in anodized aluminum in standard colors such as clear, champagne, bronzes, and black. Factory prefinished trim can include liquid paint (i.e., acrylics, alkyds, polyesters, and others) or powder coatings─any of which reduces onsite labor needs. At least one manufacturer can provide custom pattern matching on the aluminum to include logos, match wood panels, match stone walls, or even create a wood grain look. Alternatively, the trim can be specified simply with a paint primer ready to receive final finish coats in the field of virtually any color. With this variety of choices, the trim can appear to blend in with the adjacent wall panels or it can be used to highlight all or some of the visual lines it creates. This flexibility using familiar and long-lasting finish options means that both the design and the performance level can be controlled.
FEATURES OF MANUFACTURED STONE VENEER
When using manufactured stone veneer (MSV) as part of an interior design, there are several attributes to keep in mind:
Aesthetics Manufactured stone veneer is an inspirational design material, born from innovative technology and creative solutions that replicate natural stone with superior color consistency. There are at least 20 different textures and over 100 color options available. In addition to the stone used for the field of a wall covering, there are also accent products available, such as capstones and hearthstones, to create a unified and coordinated look.
Ease of Installation Unlike full bed-depth natural stone, manufactured stone veneer is lightweight and easy to install in a variety of locations. The lightweight material reduces structural requirements and allows for easier handling. There are no wall ties or footings required for support. Instead, it adheres directly to any structurally sound surface. The straightforward installation process consists of installing a wire lath, covering it with a scratch coat, then using conventional mortar and grout to hold the stone or brick veneer pieces in place. For even quicker installations, panelized systems are available from some manufacturers. This process creates less waste compared to natural stone in a range of residential, commercial, and multifamily installations.
LongevityCost Effectiveness Just as any quality material can help with a positive life cycle cost, MSV can do the same. It is more versatile than natural stone but is just as visually striking, often for a fraction of the cost. This means designers can create beautiful, lasting structures while still meeting demanding time and cost constraints.
Manufacturers also provide technical resources and training programs for architects, designers, builders, installers, and other specifiers. This means design and construction professionals can have the right information make the best choices that align with a particular vision.
Conclusion
Building interiors are made up of many different materials, products, colors, textures, and components. Picking from the wide array of choices, including those described here, allows designers to create balanced, fun, appealing, and innovative interiors that meet or exceed client expectations.
Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP is a nationally known architect and a prolific author advancing positive acoustical experiences through better building design. www.pjaarch.com, www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch
